ATMEGA328P
The ATmega328 is
a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel inside the megaAVR family, later Microchip Technology
acquired Atmel in 2016.
The alternative to the ATMEGA328 is “Pico power” MCU (ATMEGA328P)
- ATMEGAp-328
- ATMEGA-328p
- ATMEGA-328PB, ATMEGA-328PB(AUTOMOTIVE)-advance to the ATMEGA-328P(more UART, SPI, Memory...)
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| ATmega328p |
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| ATMEGA328P-TQFP |
USER MANUAL: User manual
Technical Specifications
ATMEGA-328P
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Processor |
8-Bit AVR-RISC |
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External Oscillator |
16Mhz |
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Architecture |
Harvard |
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Flash memory type |
Enabled |
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Flash memory |
32kb |
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EEPROM |
1Kb |
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SRAM |
2kb |
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ADC |
10-bit (6 channels) |
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Performance |
1 MIPS per 1 MHZ |
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Write/erase cycles |
flash =10,000 EEPROM=100,000 |
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Timers |
2-8bit, 1-16bit Timers |
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Pins |
28(DIP),32(TQFP) |
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Operating voltage |
2.7v to 5.5v |
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Operating temperature |
-40 ͦC to +125 ͦC. |
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PWM channels |
6 |
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Communication |
1-UART, 2-SPI, 1-I2C |
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Internal RC oscillator |
8MHZ |
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I/O pin current ratings |
40ma |
Pin Description: ATMEGA328P-28pin
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| ATMEGA328P-Pin-diagram |
GPIO pins: General purpose input-output pins
It has three ports PORT-B, PORT-C, PORT-D. PORT-B has eight pins from PB0-PB7, PORT-C has
seven pins from PC0-PC6 and PORT-D has eight pins from PD0-PD7. Every pin can
work as a digital I/O pin. If you want to use these pins as input or output you
need to configure them using the program, otherwise, some error readings will
obtain.
PORT-B =PB0, PB1, PB2,PB3, PB4,PB5, PB6,PB7.
PORT-C =PC0, PC1, PC2,PC3, PC4,PC5, PC6.
PORT-D =PD0,PD1, PD2,PD3, PD4,PD5, PD6,PD7.
Communication pins: Serial communication
Serial communication supported by ATMEGA328P: 1-UART, 1-I2C,
2-SPI
It has one UART
communication it has two pins RX, TX
- RX (Receive data) –PD0/2
- TX (Transmit data)-PD1/3
I2C: Inter-Integrated Circuit.
- SCL (Serial Clock) –PC5/28
- SDA (Serial Data)-PC4/27
SPI: serial
peripheral interface
- SCK (Clock) –PB5/19
- MISO (Master In Slave Out) –PB4/18
- MOSI (Master Out Slave IN) –PB3/17
- SS (Slave Select) –PB2/16
INTERRUPTS: External interrupts
- Interrupts are use full to execute the high priority task.
- It has two external interrupts
- INT0-External Interrupt Source 0-PD2/4
- INT1- External Interrupt Source 1-PD3/5
ADC: Analog to Digital Converter (10-BIT)
It has six ADC channels
ADC0-PC0/23
ADC1-PC1/24
ADC2-PC2/25
ADC3-PC3/26
ADC4-PC4/27
ADC5-PC5/28
TIMERS: Timer/Counter
It has two 16 bit timers
- T0-Timer/counter 0-PD4/6
- T1- Timer/counter 1-PD5/11
Comparator
- AIN0-Analog comparator positive input, configure as an input pin and disable the pullup resistor-PD6/12
- AIN1-Analog comparator negative input, configure as an input pin and disable the pullup resistor-PD7/13
CLOCK
To execute the set of instructions we need to provide the
clock source
- XTAL1-External clock source pin 0 (Crystal oscillator) used to all chip clock source except internal RC oscillator—PB6/9
- XTAL2- External clock source pin 1 (Crystal oscillator)- -PB7/10
- CLK0- divides the system clock-PB0/14
- TOSC1 –Timer oscillator pin1, used only when the internal clock frequency as chip clock source-PB6/9
- TOSC2 –Timer oscillator pin2, used only when the internal clock frequency as chip clock source-PB7/10
PCINT: Pin change Interrupt (PCINT0-PCINT23)
Its interesting feature is any of the pins we can configure as an interrupt
pin, So we set the functionality of the pin as an interrupt.
Capture and PWM channel (OC (Output compare),IC(Input compare))
OC: Output
compare match, it provides the external output to the Timer/Counter match
output.
IC: Input compare
pin, it acts as an input capture pin for the corresponding pin.
- OC0A-PD6/12
- OC0B-PD5/11
- OC1A-PB1/15
- OC1B-PB2/16
- OC2A-PB3/17
- OC2B-PD3/5
- ICP1-PB0/14
RESET: Reset pin-PC6/1
It is an active LOW state pin, it acts as an input pin when it is
programmed it depends on power-on reset and brown-out reset functions. When it
is unprogrammed it depends on the input reset circuitry.
AREF: Analog reference voltage--21
ARef is the external power supply to the ADC module, by default
ADC takes the Vcc (5V) of the controller.
If you want to set any customized voltage to ADC module you
have to use the ARef pin.
AVcc: Analog power pin-20
It is used to activate the ADC operation.
POWER: Power supply pins
- VCC – 7
- GND- 8, 22
HOW TO USE ATMEGA328P
If you want to work with
any microcontroller you need to remember two things
- Hardware setup
- Software setup
Hardware setup
Microcontroller
the developing board needs minimum hardware configuration, those are power
supply unit, operating frequency
(crystal unit), Reset circuitry and finally you need to set up a boot loader
for the flash program.
Software setup
To develop any application program you need a compiler or IDE. Download the compiler and install it from the core foundry website (MICROCHIP). For ATMEGA328 you need to prefer- ATMEL-STUDIO IDE
ATMEL-STUDIO IDE-Download link: CLICK HERE
NOTE: For easy purpose go to ARDUINO(ATMEGA 328P) controller.
Applications
- Embedded product design.
- Voltage controller unit
- Digital Energy meters
- Familiar with the Arduino family.
https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/atmega328p
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7810-Automotive-Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATmega328.
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